Recommended by APS PRESS!
By John F. Leslie and Brett A. Summerell
"The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a
milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will
help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic
taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with
Fusarium in the Third Millennium."
-- W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa
For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive
collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the
fungal genus Fusarium is available. The
Fusarium Laboratory Manual provides an overview of
the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved
in the isolation, identification, and characterization of
individual species and the populations in which they occur.
It is the first time that genetic, morphological, and
molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume
devoted to Fusarium identification.
This book is designed as a laboratory manual and a guide to
techniques and species likely to be encountered. This manual
includes some of the evolutionary biology and population
genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding
of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition,
it provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining
answers about this very important group of fungi. The need
for as many different techniques as possible to be used in
the identification and characterization process has never
been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi
other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume
presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the
toxins these fungi produce, and the diseases they can cause.
Key Features:
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Descriptions of 70 species, both new and old
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Practical "how-to" protocols for genetic, morphological,
and molecular identification techniques
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Recipes for many commonly used media
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Techniques that will work for common field and molecular
applications
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Complete index and references
Species Descriptions Include:
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Diagram of sexual stages
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Common synonyms
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Reported geographic and host distribution
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Media to examine and key characters: Characters on CLA
and PDA; Macroconidia, Microconidia, and Chlamydospores
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Taxonomy, pathology, and ecology
About the Authors
John F. Leslie
received his Ph.D. in genetics from the University of
Wisconsin, Madison in 1979 and is currently a Professor of
Plant Pathology and Genetics at Kansas State University.
Brett A. Summerell
received his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from the University of
Sydney in 1988 at which time he moved to the Royal Botanic
Gardens (Sydney, Australia), where he currently is the
Director of Science and Public Programs.
Drs. Leslie and Summerell organize an annual Fusarium
Laboratory Workshop in which participants receive hands-on
instruction in the implementation of and the interpretation
of results from the techniques described in this manual.
ContentsForeword
Preface
1. Introduction
Techniques and Methods
2. Media - Recipes and Preparation
2.1 Media
for Growing and Identifying Fusarium
2.2 Supplementary Identification Media
2.3 Media for Isolating Fusarium
2.4 Media for the Preparation of Natural Inocula
2.5 Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Media
2.6 Media for Sexual Crosses
2.7 Sterilization of Media and Materials
3. Techniques for Recovering Fusarium
3.1 Collecting strategy(ies)
3.2 Isolation Techniques - Plants
3.3 Isolation Techniques - Soil
3.4 Isolation Techniques - Spore Trapping and Air Sampling
3.5 Seed Disinfestation
4. Techniques for Growing and Maintaining
Fusarium
4.1 Vegetative Propagation
4.2 Preparing Cultures for Identification
4.3 Single Spore Subcultures
4.4 Mutagenesis
4.5 Culture Preservation
5. Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs)
5.1 History of and Genetic Basis Underlying
Vegetative Compatibility
5.2 Overall Strategy for Determining if Strains are
Vegetatively Compatible
5.3 Recovering and Identifying nit Mutants
5.4 Typical Pairing Protocols
5.5 Common Trouble Spots - HSI, crn, and NitMs
5.6 Characterizing a Population with VCGs
6. Fertility Concepts
6.1 Heterothallic, Homothallic
and Pseudohomothallic
6.2 Mating Type
6.3 Population Effects of Mating Type
6.4 Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite
6.5 Crossing Protocols
6.6 Developing Female-Fertile Tester Strains
6.7 Species Identification Through Sexual Crosses
7. Nucleic Acid Analyses
7.1 DNA Extraction and
Purification
7.2 PCR - Mating-Type Alleles
7.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs)
7.4 Sequence Analysis and Sequenced Loci
7.5 Genetic Maps
Taxonomy and Identification
of Fusarium
8. A Brief History of Fusarium Taxonomy
9. Species Concepts in Fusarium
9.1
Generic Problems in Speciation in Fusarium
9.2 Morphological Species Concepts
9.3 Biological Species Concepts
9.4 Phylogenetic Species Concepts
9.5 How Many Strains Make a Species?
9.6 Species Names
9.7 Subspecific Terminology
9.8 A Species Concept for Fusarium
10. Teleomorphs of Fusarium
10.1 Taxonomy of Teleomorphs
10.2 General Teleomorph Characters
10.3 Sexual Development and Differentiation
10.4 Spore Killer
10.5 Anamorph-Teleomorph Connections
11. Practical Approaches to Identification
11.1 Overall Identification
Strategy
11.2 The Diseased Plant and Its Geographic Origin
11.3 Native and Agricultural Populations
11.4 Culture Preparation
11.5 The Essence of Morphological Identifications
11.6 Beyond Morphology - Sexual Cross Fertility
11.7 Beyond Morphology - Molecular Diagnostics
11.8 The Special Case of Fusarium oxysporum
11.9 Differences Between Temperate and Tropical Regions
11.10 Conclusions
Species
Descriptions
12. Morphological Characters
12.1
Macroconidia
12.2 Microconidia
12.3 Chlamydospores
12.4 Other Characters
12.5 Secondary Characters
13. Species Descriptions
F.
acuminatum
F. acutatum
F. andiyazi
F. anthophilum
F. armeniacum
F. avenaceum
F. aywerte
F. babinda
F. begoniae
F. beomiforme
F. brevicatenulatum
F. bulbicola
F. camptoceras
F. chlamydosporum
F. circinatum
F. compactum
F. concentricum
F. crookwellense (F. cerealis)
F. culmorum
F. decemcellulare
F. denticulatum
F. dimerum
F. dlamini
F. equiseti
F. foetens
F. fujikuroi
F. globosum
F. graminearum
F. guttiforme
F. heterosporum
F. hostae
F. konzum
F. lactis
F. lateritium
F. longipes
F. mangiferae
F. merismoides
F. miscanthi
F. musarum
F. napiforme
F. nelsonii
F. nisikadoi
F. nurragi
F. nygamai
F. oxysporum
F. phyllophilum
F. poae
F. polyphialidicum
F. proliferatum
F. pseudoanthophilum
F. pseudocircinatum
F. pseudograminearum
F. pseudonygamai
F. ramigenum
F. redolens
F. sacchari
F. sambucinum
F. scirpi
F. semitectum (F. incarnatum)
F. solani
F. sporotrichioides
F. sterilihyphosum
F. subglutinans
F. succisae
F. thapsinum
F. torulosum
F. tricinctum
F. udum
F. venenatum
F. verticillioides
References
Index
